Online+grammar+workshops+3-Apostrophe

Rule 1
Use the apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter(s) has been removed.
 * Examples:**

//don't, isn't//

//You're right.//

//She's a great teacher.//

Rule 2
Use the apostrophe to show possession. Place the apostrophe before the //s// to show singular possession.
 * Examples:**

//one boy's hat//

//one woman's hat//

//one actress's hat//

//one child's hat//

//Ms. Chang's house//
 * NOTE:** Although names ending in //s// or an //s// sound are not required to have the second //s// added in possessive form, it is preferred.
 * Examples:**

//Mr. Jones's golf clubs//

//Texas's weather//

//Ms. Straus's daughter//

//Jose Sanchez's artwork//

//Dr. Hastings's appointment (//name is //Hastings)//

//Mrs. Lees's books (//name is //Lees)//

Rule 3
Use the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied.
 * Example:**

//This was his father's, not his, jacket.//

Rule 4
To show plural possession, make the noun plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe.
 * Examples:**

//two boys' hats// //two women's hats//

//two actresses' hats//

//two children's hats//

//the Changs' house//

//the Joneses' golf clubs//

//the Strauses' daughter//

//the Sanchezes' artwork//

//the Hastingses' appointment//

//the Leeses' books//

Rule 5
Do not use an apostrophe for the plural of a name.
 * Examples:**

//We visited the Sanchezes in Los Angeles.//

//The Changs have two cats and a dog.//

Rule 6
With a singular compound noun, show possession with //'s// at the end of the word.
 * Example:**

//my mother-in-law's hat//

Rule 7
If the compound noun is plural, form the plural first and then use the apostrophe.
 * Example:**

//my two brothers-in-law's hats//

Rule 8
Use the apostrophe and //s// after the second name only if two people possess the same item.
 * Examples:**

//Cesar and Maribel's home is constructed of redwood.//

//Cesar's and Maribel's job contracts will be renewed next year.//

Indicates separate ownership.

//Cesar and Maribel's job contracts will be renewed next year.//

Indicates joint ownership of more than one contract.

Rule 9
Never use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns: //his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose//. They already show possession so they do not require an apostrophe.
 * Correct:**

//This book is hers, not yours.//
 * Incorrect:**

//Sincerely your's.//

Rule 10
The only time an apostrophe is used for //it's// is when it is a contraction for //it is// or //it has//.
 * Examples:**

//It's a nice day.//

//It's your right to refuse the invitation.//

//It's been great getting to know you.//

Rule 11
The plurals for capital letters and numbers used as nouns are not formed with apostrophes.
 * Examples:**

//She consulted with three M.D.s.//


 * BUT**

//She went to three M.D.s' offices.//

The apostrophe is needed here to show plural possessive.

//She learned her ABCs.//

//the 1990s **not** the 1990's//

//the '90s or the mid-'70s **not** the '90's or the mid-'70's//

//She learned her times tables for 6s and 7s.//
 * Exception:**

Use apostrophes with capital letters and numbers when the meaning would be unclear otherwise.
 * Examples:**

//Please dot your i's.//

You don't mean //is//.

//Ted couldn't distinguish between his 6's and 0's.//

You need to use the apostrophe to indicate the plural of //zero// or it will look like the word //Os.// To be consistent within a sentence, you would also use the apostrophe to indicate the plural of //6's.//

Rule 12
Use the possessive case in front of a gerund (-//ing// word).
 * Examples:**

//Alex's skating was a joy to behold.//

//This does not stop Joan's inspecting of our facilities next Thursday.//

Rule 13
If the gerund has a pronoun in front of it, use the possessive form of that pronoun.
 * Examples:**

//I appreciate your inviting me to dinner.////I appreciated his working with me to resolve the conflict.//



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//**Online tasks:**//
//**[|Task 1]**// //**[|Task 2]**// //**[|Task 3]**// //**[|Task 4]**// [|Game 1]